The string family encompasses a huge array of instruments but all have one thing in common: sound is created by a vibrating string set in motion by fingers, bow or pick. Guitar | The world's most popular chordophone | Peter Kun Frary We'll examine each of the five above main instrument categories during the next few sessions. A disadvantage of the Hornbostel-Sachs system is few people outside of musicology and ethnomusicology understand the specialized terms used to classify instruments. Within these five categories are over three hundred subcategories. Quasi-scientific terms (Greek) are used as labels for these five sound production categories: These five forms of sound production are the main classification basis in the Hornbostel-Sachs system. vibration of the entire instrument's body.It is a logical system insofar as describing diverse instruments, and widely favored by both ethnomusicologists and organologists.Īccording to Hornbostel and Sachs, musical instruments may produce sound five different ways: Hornbostel-Sachs SystemĪ system of classifying musical instruments according to methods of sound creation was introduced by Erich Moritz von Hornbostel and Curt Sachs in Zeitschrift für Ethnologie (Journal of Ethnology) in 1914, and henceforth known as the Hornbostel-Sachs system. The study of musical instruments and their classifications is known as organology. The advantage of this system is the terms and instruments are familiar to most musicians and audiences. These categories are based on a mishmash of playing technique, construction materials, sound production and tradition. Western musicians group instruments into six categories: strings, woodwinds, brass, percussion, keyboards and electronic. 1815) | Both the koto and biwa are chordophones | Metropolitan Museum of Art Nevertheless, archaeological evidence of music can be traced to the middle Paleolithic era (300,000 to 30,000 years ago), albeit music probably existed much earlier. Thus, few musical artifacts have survived the untold millennia. Musical instruments have existed since the dawn of our species, but natural construction materials such as animal skins, bone, wood, etc., are not durable. Musical Elements String Instruments PeterĪny object that produces musical sounds may be considered a musical instrument: leg bones, seashells, rocks, sticks, etc.
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